ERS: Evaluating Reputations of Scientific Journals

International audienceCurrent methods for evaluating research are based on counting the number of citations received for publications. Thus, the more an article is cited and the more its impact is considered as important. In this article, we propose a new method for assessing the reputation of scientific journals, based on aWeb application in which are gathered the votes of expert researchers. The voting results indicate degrees of preference for one journal over another. Our system uses, in addition, the publications of an expert in order to quantify his expertise in specific fields. These values are coupled with those of votes to determine the relevance, according to the field, of each journal in each topic. An iterative process of transferring values given to journals by experts to values of the experts themselves given their publications has been implemented

Extracting Plane Graphs from Images

International audienceIn order to use structural techniques from graph-based pattern recognition, a first necessary step consists in extracting a graph in an automatic way from an image. We propose to extract plane graphs, because of algorithmic properties these graphs have for isomorphism elated problems. We also consider the problem of extracting semantically well-founded graphs as a compression issue: we get simple graphs from which can be rebuilt images similar to the initial image. The technique we introduce consists in segmenting the original image, extracting interest pixels on the segmented image, then converting these pixels into pointels, which in turn can be related by region-based triangulation. We show the feasibility and interest of this approach in a series of experiments

Polynomial Algorithm for Submap Isomorphism: Application to searching patterns in images

International audienceIn this paper, we address the problem of searching for a pattern in a plane graph, i.e., a planar drawing of a planar graph. To do that, we propose to model plane graphs with 2-dimensional combinatorial maps, which provide nice data structures for modelling the topology of a subdivision of a plane into nodes, edges and faces. We define submap isomorphism, we give a polynomial algorithm for this problem, and we show how this problem may be used to search for a pattern in a plane graph. First experimental results show the validity of this approach to efficiently search for patterns in images

A Polynomial Algorithm for Subisomorphism of Open Plane Graphs

International audienceWe address the problem of searching for a pattern in a plane graph, that is, a planar drawing of a planar graph. We define plane subgraph isomorphism and give a polynomial algorithm for this problem. We show that this algorithm may be used even when the pattern graph has holes

Gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older adults: Results from the NuAge study

Abstract : Background: Even with healthy and active aging, many older adults will experience a decrease in physical capacities. This decrease might be associated with diminished functional autonomy. However, little is known about the physical capacities associated with functional autonomy in older women and men. Objective: This study aimed to examine gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older women and men. Methods: Secondary analyses were carried out using cross-sectional data from 652 women and 613 men who participated in the NuAge longitudinal study. The "functional autonomy measurement system" (SMAF) was used to evaluate functional autonomy. The physical capacities measured (tests used) were: biceps and quadriceps strength (Microfet dynamometer), grip strength (Martin vigorimeter), unipodal balance, changing position & walking (timed up and go), normal & fast walking (four-meter walking speed) and changing position (chair stand). Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, depressive symptoms and body composition were performed. Results: On average, participants were aged 73 years and had mild to moderate functional autonomy loss. In women, after controlling for age, depressive symptoms and body composition, greater functional autonomy was best explained by faster changing position & walking skills and superior biceps strength (R2 = 0.46; p < 0.001). After controlling for depressive symptoms, faster changing position & walking skills and better unipodal balance best explained greater functional autonomy in men (R2 = 0.21; p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to these results, physical capacities are moderately associated with functional autonomy among independent older adults, especially women

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

De l’art de l’émerveillement à celui du détournement

The circus environment was deeply transformed in Europe since the end of the 20th century. The "new circus" came to enrich the shows offer, with classic companys (Pinder, Bouglione, etc.). Nevertheless, no survey was specifically interested in the ways of perceiving circus shows. To mitigate this lack, an European program chooses to combine sociologies of cultural attendance, reception and the mediation, by taking support on four cultural structures for their varied status, regularly spreading contemporary circus. The results show on one hand, that circus, classic or new, takes place differently in the "cultural universe" of spectators and, on the other hand, that news circus are appreciated with regard to their "aesthetic orientations", built during their spectators' career. These preferences also establish a way of positioning towards all circassian productions, and of distinguishing itself besides spectators

Artists ans institutions : action registers and apparatus acceptances

Ce numéro propose d'aborder à différentes échelles territoriales la manière dont tous les professionnels de l'art (du spectacle vivant, des arts visuels, de productions littéraires et cinématographiques, etc.) et certaines institutions (services de l'Etat, collectivités, etc.) interagissent et se coordonnent. Les trois contributions regroupées dans ce volume permettent de mesurer finement la manière dont la rencontre entre artistes et institutions relève de l'imbrication entre différentes dimensions : spatiale, temporelle et axiologique. Trois niveaux d'action publique permettent de l'illustrer : l'application d'une politique européenne de cohésion en Sicile (Fanny Bouquerel), la politique de promotion des artistes espagnols installés à Berlin (Gloria Guirao Soro) ou encore le "RSA artiste" piloté par le conseil départemental de la ville de Paris (Luc Sigalo Santos)

Éditorial. Les artistes et leurs institutions : registres d’actions et réceptions des dispositifs

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Durcissement des conditions d’accès et d’emploi dans les professions artistiques. Les cas de la danse et du cirque (2006-2016)

International audienceThe aim of this article is to analyse the degree of segmentation and restriction within the French artistic jobs system by studying the example of dance and circus arts. On the basis of the distribution of job structure and volume of work, it investigates the conditions of inclusion within a “professional core”, including the associated effects on continued activity. We use data from Pôle Emploi relating to monthly employer statements (AEM) and single simplified declarations (DUS). These data allow us to exhaustively process the 8.5 million employment contracts for the 100,000 individuals who worked in one of the two selected artistic fields during the 2006-2016 period. In both fields, albeit in varying proportions and at varying rates, we see more restrictive conditions of employment and access to the segment of artists likely to benefit from the “intermittent” status, an unemployment benefit system specific to artistic workers due to the irregular nature of their work. And yet, trends show that potential workers are being increasingly excluded from these two labour markets.Cet article vise à analyser le degré de segmentation et de durcissement du système d’emploi artistique en France en étudiant le cas de la danse et du cirque. À partir d’une répartition fondée sur le volume et la structure d’activité, il s’agit de saisir des conditions d’appartenance à un « noyau professionnel », ainsi que ses effets sur le maintien en activité. Les données issues des bases AEM et DUS de Pôle Emploi sont mobilisées à ces fins. Elles permettent, pour la période 2006‑2016, de traiter exhaustivement les 8.5 millions contrats de travail renvoyant aux 100 000 individus ayant eu une activité dans l’un des deux domaines artistiques retenus. Dans les deux cas, mais suivant des proportions et des rythmes variables, il est constaté un durcissement des conditions d’emploi et des conditions d’accès au segment des artistes susceptibles de bénéficier du régime de l’intermittence du spectacle. Parallèlement, l’éviction des prétendants à l’entrée sur ces deux marchés du travail tend à s’intensifier